Ch23 AI Agent 与工具使用 · 信息图

---

信息图:Agent 核心架构

flowchart LR
  P[Prompt] --> M[Memory\n短期/长期]
  P --> T[Tools\nMCP/Function]
  P --> PL[Plan\nCoT/ToT/ReAct]

  M --> A[Agent Loop]
  T --> A
  PL --> A

  A --> O1[Observe]
  O1 --> O2[Think]
  O2 --> O3[Decide]
  O3 --> O4[Act]
  O4 -->|重复| O1

  O4 --> EX[执行环境]
  EX --> FB[Feedback]
  FB --> M

  classDef core fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
  class A core

---

信息图:Agent 推理范式演进

flowchart LR
  CoT[CoT\n思维链\n2022] --> SC[Self-Consistency\n多投票]
  CoT --> R[ReAct\nReason+Act\nYao 2022]
  R --> ToT[ToT\nTree of Thoughts\nYao 2023]
  ToT --> L[LATS\nMCTS+LLM]
  R --> PE[Plan-Execute\n分离规划]
  R --> Re[Reflexion\n反思+记忆\n2023]

  LATS --> A[Agent 生产]
  PE --> A
  Re --> A

  classDef base fill:#e1f5ff
  classDef adv fill:#fff4e1
  class CoT,SC base
  class R,ToT,L,PE,Re adv

---

信息图:MCP 协议架构

flowchart TB
  H[Host\nClaude/Gemini/Cursor] -->|MCP| S[MCP Server\n1000+]

  S --> R[Resources\n数据]
  S --> T[Tools\n函数]
  S --> P[Prompts\n模板]

  H <-->|JSON-RPC| S
  S -->|stdio/HTTP| EXT[外部 API/DB]

  classDef core fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
  class S core

---

信息图:Multi-Agent 框架对比

flowchart TB
  subgraph AUTOGEN[AutoGen Microsoft]
    A1[ConversableAgent] --> A2[GroupChat]
    A2 --> A3[异步对话]
  end

  subgraph CREW[CrewAI]
    B1[Role] --> B2[Task]
    B2 --> B3[Tool]
    B3 --> B4[类似公司]
  end

  subgraph LG[LangGraph]
    C1[State] --> C2[Node]
    C2 --> C3[Edge]
    C3 --> C4[状态图]
  end

  subgraph SMOL[Smolagents HF]
    D1[Code Agent] --> D2[写 Python]
    D2 --> D3[执行]
  end

  classDef fr fill:#e1f5ff
  class AUTOGEN,CREW,LG,SMOL fr

---

信息图:Agent 评测体系

flowchart LR
  E[Agent 评测] --> E1[能力]
  E --> E2[轨迹]
  E --> E3[安全]

  E1 --> S1[SWE-Bench\nGitHub 修复]
  E1 --> S2[WebArena\n网页操作]
  E1 --> S3[OSWorld\n桌面]
  E1 --> S4[GAIA\n多步推理]

  E2 --> T1[Trajectory 评估]
  E2 --> T2[Agent-as-Judge]
  E2 --> T3[Replay 回放]

  E3 --> SE1[沙盒逃逸]
  E3 --> SE2[权限滥用]
  E3 --> SE3[幻觉风险]

  classDef eval fill:#fff4e1
  class E1,E2,E3 eval

---

信息图:Computer Use 全景

flowchart TB
  CU[Computer Use] --> A[Anthropic\n2024-10]
  CU --> B[OpenAI Operator v2\n2025-09]
  CU --> C[Browser-Use\n开源]
  CU --> D[Skyvern\n开源]

  A --> A1[桌面 + 视觉 + 工具]
  B --> B1[全 OS + 1M context]
  C --> C1[GitHub 8 万星]
  D --> D1[企业 RPA]

  A1 --> E[评测]
  B1 --> E
  C1 --> E
  D1 --> E

  E --> E1["OSWorld 38%"]
  E --> E2["WebArena 58%"]
  E --> E3["人类 76-78%"]

  E1 --> S[安全]
  E2 --> S
  E3 --> S

  S --> S1[沙盒 + 权限]
  S --> S2[5 大风险]

---

数据卡片

• MCP Servers: 1000+ 官方注册 (2025-Q3)
• AutoGen: 微软 2023, GitHub 3 万+ 星
• Voyager: 第一个 LLM 自主 Minecraft 钻石 (Anthropic 2023)
• OSWorld: Claude 3.5 38.1% vs 人类 76.0%
• WebArena: Claude 3.5 Sonnet 58.1% vs 人类 78.1%
• AI Scientist: Sakana AI 自动写论文